Split-Rig Jiblets... Sheeting Angle and Designed Slot Width.

  • 29 Jan 2017 11:07
    Reply # 4573834 on 4466667
    Deleted user

    To continue this discussion, some thoughts on what i might have got wrong. 

    My aluminium mast is excellent, but heavy.  I should have the exact facts, but unfortunately when i had the chance i failed to weigh the old or the new one. 

    The height is the same, but my new mast is keel stepped and reinforced for 1 metre either side of the partners. I estimate it is between 30 to 40% heavier than the original. 

    But we have no standing rigging. Also the split-junk rig meant i only had to move the mast 10  inches forward. Maybe i did not need to mive it at all. 

    Yesterday i calculated i had about 3° of weather helm in  F3 wind. 


    Also Now my mast is about 1 metre too long.   Again this adds to weight aloft. 

    Finally all this extra weight could have been avoided if i had gone for a carbon fibre mast. 

    Now i think that the extra weight , slightly further forward could also be making Amiina more pitch prone than her rival Splinters.  The short Dolent slop, ot boat wakes seem to stop her more than Whisper. Or that could be my poorer helming

  • 29 Jan 2017 00:02
    Reply # 4573570 on 4466667

    Edward wrote, "I should add that Slieve has one fact wrong. Amiina is the only keel boat on the innermost pontoon in the marina that nearly always (95%) of the time sails into her finger berth single-handed. In fact i think i am the only person in the club who sails in singlehanded without using the outboard, such is the ease of handling and reefing."

    Oops! Sorry!

    Slieve. 

    Last modified: 29 Jan 2017 00:03 | Anonymous member
  • 28 Jan 2017 22:53
    Reply # 4573493 on 4466667
    Deleted user

    • Delighted to hear that the PBO article has seen the light. 
    • Just had a lovely sail today. 
    • The only sailing boat actually sailing in the whole Poole area. 
    • Just to clarify a couple of points made by Slieve and Arne. 
    • When i first took out Amiina with her 220 sq. ft. sail I was in part subscribing to Arne's excellent theory of pile it on because it is sobeasy to reef. So i went for Van der Stadt's original and max. designed sail area.  Taking out an experienced X boat skipper, i scared the pants off him as the boat was so tender and we spent most of our time on our ears. 
    • His reaction was to lend me a load of lead to put in the bilge to try and stiffen her up. 
    • We sibsequently discovered that it was far better to chuck all that exttñra ballast out, and reef earlier than any one else. 
    • The sail is so powerful that it really goes like a dinghy anyway. 
    The smaller sail means that for the Round the Island race i get the same handicap as the other Splinters. 
    Mind you they can still use their spinnakers on the down wind legs ( ca. 50% of the course).  
    The smaller, lighter rig, with greater camber, seems to be just as powerful as the original and maybe even faster. 
    It beats most of the genuine cruisers even beating hard to windward. I left a Hunter Sonata standing the other day. It was as if he was trailing a sea anchor!!  What we can't do yet is beat the fully fledged racing boats to windward. More R&D needed, and more people willing to try different cambers, sheeting angles, mini battens, jib sheetlets etc etc. 
    ñSlieve's concept is proved and it is brilliant, despite the slightly disparaging remarks from persons who have not actually tried it. I have no doubt at all that the split-junk configuration is the simplist, the fastest to windward, and the least stressed of all the junk rigs so far developed. 
    No fan-ups possible, no moving the whole sail backwards and forwards, the softest, least risky gybe of any sailing boat anywhere. 
    If you don't believe me, then I am always very happy to take you for a sail. Nothing is perfect, but Slieve's breakthrough needs to be seen and appreciated for what it is; a real step forward in junk rog design. That is also why David Harding, a Bermudan racing man and a dedicated sailor is so interested in it. 
    Cheers. My invitation is open to any JRA member. Come and try it for yourselves. 

    I should add that Slieve has one fact wrong. Amiina is the only keel boat on the innermost pontoon in the marina that nearly always (95%) of the time sails into her finger berth single-handed. In fact i think i am the only person in the club who sails in singlehanded without using the outboard, such is the ease of handling and reefing. 

  • 28 Jan 2017 15:44
    Reply # 4573116 on 4466667

    Hi Arne,

    Thanks for the information on PBO. It's not available in the local shops here yet, and we may have to wait until Tuesday to buy it.

    I saw a draft version of the article on 10th January, but I believe it was too late to include a couple of corrections, and only time will tell if it is up to date.

    I fully understand you enthusiasm for additional sail area, but there are a number of things to consider here. The first is that the Splinter 21 will not stand up to van de Stat's design area of some 220 sq.ft. The boat is just too tender and with it's fine lines it is easily driven by 175 sq.ft, the area which everyone seems to use. Secondly, if we want to be able to check the performance of the rig then we must present the same full sail area and not a miss-shapen reefed version. And thirdly, the split junk rig is giving the boat all the drive it can handle with the lower area.

    I'm not sure that SA/ Displacement ratios hold good for such lightly ballasted narrow keel boats.

    As far as I'm aware Edward has not found himself short of sail area with the smaller rig. Looking through the numerous photos I have of it sailing with the original big rig I believe it was reefed for all taken out at sea, and full sail was only shown in the calm of the marina when rigging the sail.

    The split rig just doesn't need the extra area. Poppy was able to sail at 2 knots in any direction in 4 knots of true wind, and literally sail circles round equivalent Bermudan rigged boat in that sort of wind strength. I've done it, and can report that the Bermudan sailors don't like it. It is necessary to pay close attention to the sail trim/ tell tales to keep it moving, but it can be done.

    Only Edward can report on how much he uses the little egg whisk on the transom, but unfortunately his berth is rather deep in the marina and shaded from the wind, so it is not really practical to sail in single handed. There are also a lot of inexperienced boaters motoring about which make it imprudent to sail into the confined space.

    It's a pity we didn't get you over to have a sail on Poppy, if only to let you see how totally lazy I have been as a sailor. Pull it up, sheet it in and away you go. And with that amount of sail trimming effort you will still take on a tacking duel up the river with racing boats and show them you transom. Call me lazy, and I'll agree.

    Cheers, Slieve.

    PS. Chris, your tin plate rig could be interesting, but you would have to look out for Bermudan boats with large tin-openers. I suppose that is what we are trying to achieve by playing with our mini battens and mini-sheets.


  • 28 Jan 2017 11:10
    Reply # 4572868 on 4466667
    Anonymous member (Administrator)

     

    Check PBO Mars 2017

    I suggest those of you who are interested in the split junk (SJ) go and buy the last (Mars) issue of Practical Boat Owner (PBO), which landed on my doormat a couple of days ago. There, David Harding has a well-illustrated four-page follow-up article about Edward Hooper’s Splinter 21, Amiina.

    The new MkII rig, which Slieve constructed for her, looks good. I particularly like the use of light sailcloth.

    However, the article also underlines the difference in thinking between racing and cruising people: To get a better handicap rating, Amiina’s sail area has been crimped from 20.4 to 16,25m2. That should give a SA/disp ratio of only 14.2. In other words, the idea is to win races by reducing the speed less than reducing the rating.

    How fortunate I am to not be racing! I would never own a boat up to four tons displacement with a SA/disp below 20. My ideal is to have a green sailer  -  a cruising machine, that is, an easily-handled boat one can sail most of the time and motor as little as possible. We in the day-sailor/weekend-sailor category actually are in a hurry quite often: There are jobs waiting or tides turning, or maybe a sea-breeze threatening to die: If we want to avoid calling for Mr Honda or Mrs Tohatsu, we'd better sail well.

    Therefore, I pile on sail, the limiting factor being only deck space and weight and windage of the mast.

    Cheers, Arne


    Last modified: 28 Jan 2017 12:06 | Anonymous member (Administrator)
  • 28 Jan 2017 09:35
    Reply # 4572817 on 4466667
    Deleted user

    Slieve

    Thanks for your detailed comments on this thread. There are several split-rigs out there, but only two that are well-documented, thanks to Slieve & Edward & PBO.

    There appear to be several more 'under development'. It will be important that we all document and share what we are doing, and the results we get, so we might begin to tease out some answers to these questions.

    My tin plate jibs hold a lot of promise as soon as I sort out the furling problem!

    Chris

  • 28 Jan 2017 00:22
    Reply # 4572604 on 4466667

    Gentlemen,

    I am extremely sorry that I have not responded to this thread earlier, but other pressures have kept me occupied.

    I find it very interesting to see the diagrams that you are producing, and am also seeing that my explanations are not necessarily making my thinking clear to everyone. Chris's rotating rigs look great, yet they show the jib shape as it would be if made of tin plate. With a cloth construction the leech of the jib would be more like the arc of a circle, and on the jib centreline the sheeting angle would be wider than we get in my diagrams. Equally, there would be less camber in that cross section of the sail. I haven't tried to draw cross sections from luff to leech for quarter height of the panel as well as half height with the curved leech, probably because I feel it would be based on too many guesses, and I was taught that that was not the way to approach a design problem.

    For the first SJ on Poppy I played around with my 'sheeting angle/ camber drawings' until I thought I was getting somewhere and than made a full size panel in wall lining paper, which I fitted between two battens and laid the luff horizontally. Gravity pulled the leech into the shape that the wind would eventually blow it, and I was able to measure the achieved sheeting angle and camber along the centre line, and as I said above, the angel was bigger and the camber less.

    One thing I have always done when 'eye balling' a cross section was to only accept diagrams where the after 40% of the sail shape was no tighter than parallel to the batten. In other words, the after part did not curve in towards the batten. This was to stop the drag of a curved in leech. Now the question arises, am I wrong in making this cut off point? In my present way of thinking I believe I might be just a little restrictive.

    The reason I think this is that I am still convinced that the camber in the first third of the rig is the real work horse for high lift and low drag.

    Although not fully happy with the jib shapes I built the first rig, and the performance was fully up to my wildest dreams. As far as I was concerned I was equal to or better than the Bermudan sister, so would I be greedy to ask for more? If it ain't broke, don't mend it. If it works as planned, leave it alone. On the other hand I now want to ask the question, could it be even better? Frankly, The cruising Bermudan rig is not the be all and end all.

    In one post Scott suggests that every degree we give away in sheeting angle takes away one degree of pointing. My answer is, 'Not necessarily.' Most people ignore 'up wash', and I have even read that one sail maker does not understand it. Ouch! It is critical to getting a boat to windward. With it the wind bends to give the boat a lift before it even reaches the luff of the jib. So how does the wind know the sail is coming, and bend in the right direction? Simple. The low pressure that develops to the lee of the luff sucks the airflow to bend it and the lift lets the boat point higher. That is why it is so critical to get camber working right up to the luff. That is also why the majority of junk rigs, which don't have camber right to the luff don't perform to windward, and give the rig such a bad reputation.

    Scott asked, 'Wouldn't we want a sheeting angle of zero?' I don't think so, as the after part of the jib would have it's thrust at right angle to the sail and pointing aft, which makes drag, our great enemy. It may be that I have gone up in sheeting angle and should have gone down or stayed the same and just increase camber, but Poppy went so well that that I didn't want to experiment too much. I feel that I have made significant discoveries, and as I get older and having got a good lead in the first leg am happy to hand the batten on to the next runner in this particular race.

    In some of the posts there are comments of getting the camber forward in the jibs, and here again I scratch my head. I know that I have written words to this effect, but I wonder if I should be talking about the camber shape of each individual sail, jib and main, or the camber of the overall rig, from jib luff to main leech. I really don't know the answer to this one, and in recent drawings I've tended to move the jib max camber point aft to around 40% (if I remember correctly) to try to slightly tighten the 'arc of a circle leech' of the jib and therefore not require the little sheetlets we have been playing with. I do feel they are unwanted complications and not in the KISS way of things.

    Scott's drawings at the bottom of post #4481644 look very 'tight' to me, with the jib leeches coming in and then flaring a little close to the leech. I see your point about the air flowing across the split on the windward side, but I'm not comfortable with that (but who am I to say?). The air flowed freely on Poppy and it went well. Blocking or restricting the air flow just doesn't seem right.

    Also, on Bermudan rigs the camber in the main is often further back at near 50% on some sails which are foresail driven, but further forward on mainsail driven boats with tiny (token) self tacking jibs.

    There are so many questions that the theoretical design can easily take over, and will never result in a practical boat. Is it better to take the best of the proven knowledge and get sailing, and then play about bit a replacement rig? That was my theory, but the first rig was so good and so idiot proof and easy to sail that I was only prepared to tweek it a little (to what end?)

    Once again, some possible answers and more possible questions. Sorry.

    Cheers,

    Slieve.



  • 01 Jan 2017 18:22
    Reply # 4493255 on 4466667
    Deleted user

    Hi Dave,

    I think you've understood the purpose of the drawing, but misunderstood the purpose of the design.  Through this thread, I've come to the working assumption that the slot airflow simply does not matter enough to care about in terms of the split rig's design.  In fact, if I could stop all air from flowing through the slot, by plugging it with some sort of flap like David Tyler suggested , I'd be happy.  I'm not going that route because of Slieve's well-put KISS-it-or-it-never-gets-built wisdom, but maybe someday.

    The purpose of the split has nothing to do with creating traditional Jib & Main combination.  It is more useful to think of the each horizontal panel pair (jiblet & main) as a single airfoil.  The reason the split is there is to simply maintain the forward part of that airfoil's shape, regardless of the tack.  That's the critical element.  The split actually creates more drag, but the trade seems to work according to practical experience from Slieve and Edward.  

    The drawings below are my clumsy attempt to show the idealized airflow on both tacks, and the probable best-case airflow with the trades involved.



     I think that this is a critical point:  this ain't a jib & main scenario.  I suspect that we can waste a lot of energy if we confuse this with the pointy-rig's solution to the mast-in-the-way problem.  They create a supertight leach for a the headsail to get at least one sail's leading edge out of the turbulent flow.  Along with the resulting complications and forces of the high tension standing rig.  The whole two-sail slot-effect thinking comes after the fact - and as Slieve said, has a variety of doubters.

    So I for the moment, I'm focused on creating the best possible leading edge, the minimum drag, and the maximum windward performance from a single sail.

    Last modified: 01 Jan 2017 18:33 | Deleted user
  • 30 Dec 2016 22:59
    Reply # 4491235 on 4466667

    Hi Scott, The difficulty I see with the illustration that you have drawn is that, as drawn, on the Port Tack, the airflow exiting from the jib leech on its windward is running smack bang into the mast and blocking the airflow exiting the leech of the jib. 

     I'm only visualising in my head, but it seems to me that it will cause a lot of turbulence on the windward side, including further downstream on the main panel. 

    As I see it, the windward airflow off the jib panel needs to be able to exit to leeward of the mast (on port tack).  This flow off the windward side and joining up with the airflow from the leeward side of the jib may help to create further lift using the camber of the main panel.   Hence the need for an additional "sheeting angle" in addition to the camber to allow the airflow through. 

    When I made up the model jiblets and attached them to my model mast, it was very apparent that without enough sheeting angle and/or split, the airflow won't get past the mast without the mast causing a lot of turbulence. 

    If your drawing is just to demonstrate the similarity in the curve between 11% camber on the jib panel and 7%  on the main and you intend to add sheeting angle in the real thing, I apologise for misunderstanding.  

    Dave.  


    Last modified: 30 Dec 2016 23:01 | Anonymous member
  • 29 Dec 2016 16:51
    Reply # 4481644 on 4466667
    Deleted user

    I ran a few scenarios regarding that sheeting angle vs entry angle vs max camber, and have discovered what most of you already know:  there are a dozen ways to approach the shape, but in the end they all come out to something similar.  If you try to maximize camber forward, the entry angle has to open up. Right around 11 percent camber, its very hard to keep the entry angle below 30 degrees and still have max camber forward of 40 percent and the majority of the the developed curve change smoothly from luff to leech.

    I though for sure that there would be a dozen spreadsheets out there on the web with pre-developed curves and tables-of-offsets at various cambers, entry angles, and so on, but I couldn't find anything.  So it was just me futzin' with pencils.

    In any case, when I made a bunch of drawings, I see what Slieve is describing.  The sheeting angle is a type of standoff from the batten, and I design a 35 degree entry angle with 11 percent camber at 37 percent of the chord, then rotate the whole thing 8 degrees of sheeting angle...   it looks pretty good using the Mark I Eyeball.  So... that's something.

    Post ed below is the profile with the mains added (7% camber, 37% max chord).  I think it's pretty cool that 7% camber on the main's length is almost exactly equal to the max draft of 11% camber on the jibs.  That makes for a straight-ish airflow run across the mast gap.


       " ...there is nothing - absolutely nothing - half so much worth doing as simply messing about in junk-rigged boats" 
                                                               - the Chinese Water Rat

                                                              Site contents © the Junk Rig Association and/or individual authors

Powered by Wild Apricot Membership Software