The Position of Maximum Camber

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  • 28 Jul 2026 02:10
    Reply # 13657990 on 13657122

    All,

    Completed paper model today and the best shape from luff to leech appeared to be 35%, 5% straight and 60 % taper to the leech. The point of maximum camber is at about 40%. The luff and leech panel width were modeled at 25 inches wide and the mid panel width ( the 5 % area) was 27 inches. This gave an equivalent camber depth of 5 inches at the point of maximum camber. The paper I used was a bit thick for the model and fabric would have worked better but it did give me an idea of what the values would be. I will remove the sail and remove battens etc to prep for the dart installation, curvature of the leech in the upper two panels and application of 3/4 inches wide webbing to the perimeter of the sail. I realize darted, polytarp sails may not be the mainstream for junk rigs for small boats. Any additional thoughts, observations or ideas are always welcome. Attached are photos of the best test panel at 1 to 4 scale.

    2 files
  • 27 Jul 2026 17:14
    Reply # 13657748 on 13657122

    Jan,

    Understood. I was going to camber the lower panels since they are straight panels and I hope to get a more consistent shape. I may need to aid camber to the top panels also. On further reading and photo study I am wondering about the need for an extended flat center section. If the point of maximum forward camber is at 35% then a short transition full panel width and then a longer run rearward to the leech. Say 35%, 15 % transition and 50 % rear taper to the leech? I’ll make a pattern tonight and take a look at it. Taking the sail off tomorrow.

  • 27 Jul 2026 14:37
    Reply # 13657659 on 13657122

    Curtis, just because I made a top panel using this method doesn't mean you can't make any panel with it. Either way, good luck!

    Jan

    Last modified: 27 Jul 2026 14:43 | Anonymous member
  • 27 Jul 2026 14:17
    Reply # 13657645 on 13657122

    Jan, 

    On this polytarp sail I plan to add camber to only the 4 bottom panels. If you look closely at the photo of the flat sail the top two panels trailing edge looks irregular. It is actually straight but is beginning to flutter as the winds increase. Mildly annoying in light winds but above 15 it really flutters. I will take the opportunity to cut the leech with a curve on the top two panels. This one piece sail allows pretty quick modifications. It is taking longer to decide the length of the darts than to actually sew them in. It should only take a couple of days to sew the modifications in. The wnext sail will be cloth using one of the “Arne” patterns. I’ll need to figure out the best sail for the Peep Hen. It’s a fat little thing with a fixed mast position! 
    Curtis


  • 27 Jul 2026 14:02
    Reply # 13657637 on 13657122

    David, 

    Thank you for the link. Unfortunately I don’t have access to the panel edges since my sail is all one piece. I will need to use extended darts from the luff and leech. The paper model gives a a basic shape which should improve as the fabric has a bit of stretch to smooth out the hard lines. I was particularly interested in the position of maximum camber and if there is a benefit to leaving a mid point “ flat section” before starting the rear dart. Thanks again.  It gives me more to think about either with this sail or the next!

    Curtis

  • 27 Jul 2026 12:58
    Reply # 13657618 on 13657122

    I made toppanel for my sail using this method. Works good !

    link

    You don't have to cut the sail. Just make a pleat.

    Last modified: 27 Jul 2026 13:20 | Anonymous member
  • 27 Jul 2026 02:19
    Reply # 13657499 on 13657122

    All,

    I have spent the last year sailing my flat JR poly tarp sail with adequate performance for my 

    normal gunkholing but now is the time to add camber to the sail. I spent last week in 

    the OBX 130, a camp and sail raid type event here in the North Carolina,USA sounds. 

    Winds were 15 to 30 mph daily. At 10 - 15 I could make 60 to 65 degrees to windward. 

    Reefing the sail was terrible for performance. At one point barely sailing a beam reach

     and making 1 knot towards goal while sailing at 3.8 knots with 18 nautical miles to 

    go I had to withdraw and trailer to the next campsite. I have a few weeks before returning

     to other projects and would like to add camber to the flat sail by using darts, thus the 

    interest in the position of maximum camber. 

    So far, I have the maximum camber starting at 35% from the luff, a straight section 

    with full panel width for 24% and a tapering section of the last 40% to the leech.

    Curiously, the plans sketch I have recommends a 2 inch dart in the leading and trailing 

    edges of panels but this produces a very large camber depth both by calculation and 

    by using the chain calculator. By using a less drastic dart ( 1 inch) I was able to get 

    the camber depth to a more reasonable value. See the photo of the chain calculator 

    and the drawing. A photo is included from last week of my flat sail in 10 mph winds. 

    I realize darts are not the most efficient way of adding camber but should work as I 

    rework this sail. Sewing a new sail will have to wait until winter.

    Thoughts or advice on positions of camber or depth of camber in a dart modified sail. 

    Thank you, Curtis

    6 files
    Last modified: 27 Jul 2026 02:22 | Anonymous member
  • 26 Jul 2026 14:12
    Reply # 13657356 on 13657122

     Funny you should ask that Paul, as I was looking for confirmation of that number just yesterday, and the answer is not clear. Horses for courses comes to mind as different points of sail seem to make different demands.

    In Sailing Theory and Practice by C.A.Marchaj there is one diagram for a single sail with max camber at 33%. 50% and 66% chord and from the resulting graphs he suggests the the 50% should be better for close haulled and the 66% for broad reaching. He suggests that the 50% case would be the best compromise. However, looking at the force plots for each one it would be easy to form different opinions. One thing which may effect those results is that there was a mast at the luff of the sails which should not be ignored. My question is that if 50% is possibly the best solution then why does virtually every diagram in the book draw the max camber point at just under 40%?

    I’ve always aimed for 35 to 40% for a headsail and more, up to 50% for a mainsail but certainly not more than 50%.

    As the junk rig is a swing rig and the close hauled setting simply rotates as the vessel bears away, then high L/D is important then my choice of max camber position has been 37% as being between 30 and 40%, and with the leech area a straight line.

    I spent a lot of time and effort when R&D secretary trying to protect readers from the many theories of Bernard Slootboom. Please don’t open that hornets nest again.

    Cheers, Slieve.

    Last modified: 26 Jul 2026 14:16 | Anonymous member
  • 26 Jul 2026 13:36
    Reply # 13657354 on 13657122
    Anonymous member (Administrator)

    Paul and Arne

    SJR Amiina rig

    I have no comparative results to add, but as my sail is a little different and it does perform well - (how well? I have no comparative information so don't know).

    The foil shape on both jibs and mains is very blunt entry, very rounded at the luff, (not what I would call a sharp entry/gentle curve at the luff), and the max camber occurs at about 35% or thereabouts on both mains and jibs. I wouldn't say it points exceptionally high, but it does point quite well and I would say the windward performance is good, both tacks the same, tacks easily. Camber plenty - I haven't got around to measuring it with a ruler but it is probably around 10% jibs and 8% mains or maybe a little more, if I remember the numbers correctly when I built it.

    (slight lee helm in light wind, can be fixed by shifting weight forward in the cockpit. Considerable weather helm when heeling, addressed by shifting weight to back of cockpit and raising the swinging centreboard a little. That's all dinghy stuff and more to do with the hull than the sail, I think).

    Last modified: 26 Jul 2026 13:38 | Anonymous member (Administrator)
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